diff --git a/nano/lib/utility.hpp b/nano/lib/utility.hpp
index f86e71a2..4713650b 100644
--- a/nano/lib/utility.hpp
+++ b/nano/lib/utility.hpp
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 #include <boost/lexical_cast.hpp>
 
+#include <deque>
 #include <functional>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <vector>
@@ -65,6 +66,28 @@ size_t erase_if (Container & container, Pred pred)
 	return result;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Erase elements from container when predicate returns true and return erased elements as a std::deque
+ */
+template <class Container, class Pred>
+std::deque<typename Container::value_type> erase_if_and_collect (Container & container, Pred pred)
+{
+	std::deque<typename Container::value_type> removed_elements;
+	for (auto it = container.begin (); it != container.end ();)
+	{
+		if (pred (*it))
+		{
+			removed_elements.push_back (*it);
+			it = container.erase (it);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			++it;
+		}
+	}
+	return removed_elements;
+}
+
 /** Safe narrowing cast which silences warnings and asserts on data loss in debug builds. This is optimized away. */
 template <typename TARGET_TYPE, typename SOURCE_TYPE>
 constexpr TARGET_TYPE narrow_cast (SOURCE_TYPE const & val)
diff --git a/nano/node/transport/tcp_channels.cpp b/nano/node/transport/tcp_channels.cpp
index 176d2e02..5335e535 100644
--- a/nano/node/transport/tcp_channels.cpp
+++ b/nano/node/transport/tcp_channels.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #include <nano/node/node.hpp>
 #include <nano/node/transport/tcp_channels.hpp>
 
+#include <ranges>
+
 /*
  * tcp_channels
  */
@@ -308,7 +310,7 @@ bool nano::transport::tcp_channels::track_reachout (nano::endpoint const & endpo
 
 void nano::transport::tcp_channels::purge (std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point cutoff_deadline)
 {
-	nano::lock_guard<nano::mutex> lock{ mutex };
+	auto channels_l = all_channels ();
 
 	auto should_close = [this, cutoff_deadline] (auto const & channel) {
 		// Remove channels that haven't successfully sent a message within the cutoff time
@@ -332,27 +334,35 @@ void nano::transport::tcp_channels::purge (std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point
 		return false;
 	};
 
-	for (auto const & entry : channels)
+	// Close stale channels without holding the mutex
+	for (auto const & channel : channels_l)
 	{
-		if (should_close (entry.channel))
+		if (should_close (channel))
 		{
-			entry.channel->close ();
+			channel->close ();
 		}
 	}
 
-	erase_if (channels, [this] (auto const & entry) {
-		if (!entry.channel->alive ())
-		{
-			node.logger.debug (nano::log::type::tcp_channels, "Removing dead channel: {}", entry.channel->to_string ());
-			entry.channel->close ();
-			return true; // Erase
-		}
-		return false;
-	});
+	nano::unique_lock<nano::mutex> lock{ mutex };
 
 	// Remove keepalive attempt tracking for attempts older than cutoff
 	auto attempts_cutoff (attempts.get<last_attempt_tag> ().lower_bound (cutoff_deadline));
 	attempts.get<last_attempt_tag> ().erase (attempts.get<last_attempt_tag> ().begin (), attempts_cutoff);
+
+	// Erase dead channels from list, but close them outside of the lock
+	auto erased_connections = erase_if_and_collect (channels, [this] (auto const & entry) {
+		return !entry.channel->alive ();
+	});
+
+	lock.unlock ();
+
+	for (auto const & connection : erased_connections)
+	{
+		node.stats.inc (nano::stat::type::tcp_channels, nano::stat::detail::erase_dead);
+		node.logger.debug (nano::log::type::tcp_channels, "Removing dead channel: {}", connection.channel->to_string ());
+
+		connection.channel->close ();
+	}
 }
 
 void nano::transport::tcp_channels::keepalive ()
@@ -437,6 +447,27 @@ bool nano::transport::tcp_channels::start_tcp (nano::endpoint const & endpoint)
 	return node.tcp_listener.connect (endpoint.address (), endpoint.port ());
 }
 
+auto nano::transport::tcp_channels::all_sockets () const -> std::deque<std::shared_ptr<tcp_socket>>
+{
+	nano::lock_guard<nano::mutex> lock{ mutex };
+	auto r = channels | std::views::transform ([] (auto const & entry) { return entry.socket; });
+	return { r.begin (), r.end () };
+}
+
+auto nano::transport::tcp_channels::all_servers () const -> std::deque<std::shared_ptr<tcp_server>>
+{
+	nano::lock_guard<nano::mutex> lock{ mutex };
+	auto r = channels | std::views::transform ([] (auto const & entry) { return entry.server; });
+	return { r.begin (), r.end () };
+}
+
+auto nano::transport::tcp_channels::all_channels () const -> std::deque<std::shared_ptr<tcp_channel>>
+{
+	nano::lock_guard<nano::mutex> lock{ mutex };
+	auto r = channels | std::views::transform ([] (auto const & entry) { return entry.channel; });
+	return { r.begin (), r.end () };
+}
+
 nano::container_info nano::transport::tcp_channels::container_info () const
 {
 	nano::lock_guard<nano::mutex> guard{ mutex };
diff --git a/nano/node/transport/tcp_channels.hpp b/nano/node/transport/tcp_channels.hpp
index f27453e3..42a12738 100644
--- a/nano/node/transport/tcp_channels.hpp
+++ b/nano/node/transport/tcp_channels.hpp
@@ -62,6 +62,10 @@ public:
 	// Connection start
 	bool start_tcp (nano::endpoint const &);
 
+	std::deque<std::shared_ptr<tcp_socket>> all_sockets () const;
+	std::deque<std::shared_ptr<tcp_server>> all_servers () const;
+	std::deque<std::shared_ptr<tcp_channel>> all_channels () const;
+
 	nano::container_info container_info () const;
 
 private: // Dependencies
diff --git a/nano/node/transport/tcp_listener.cpp b/nano/node/transport/tcp_listener.cpp
index 6e2baa65..3222c735 100644
--- a/nano/node/transport/tcp_listener.cpp
+++ b/nano/node/transport/tcp_listener.cpp
@@ -153,14 +153,8 @@ void nano::transport::tcp_listener::stop ()
 
 	for (auto & connection : connections_l)
 	{
-		if (auto socket = connection.socket.lock ())
-		{
-			socket->close ();
-		}
-		if (auto server = connection.server.lock ())
-		{
-			server->stop ();
-		}
+		connection.socket->close ();
+		connection.server->stop ();
 	}
 
 	logger.debug (nano::log::type::tcp_listener, "Stopped");
@@ -173,35 +167,40 @@ void nano::transport::tcp_listener::run_cleanup ()
 	{
 		stats.inc (nano::stat::type::tcp_listener, nano::stat::detail::cleanup);
 
-		cleanup ();
 		timeout ();
+		purge (lock);
+		debug_assert (!lock.owns_lock ());
+		lock.lock ();
 
 		condition.wait_for (lock, 1s, [this] () { return stopped.load (); });
 	}
 }
 
-void nano::transport::tcp_listener::cleanup ()
+void nano::transport::tcp_listener::purge (nano::unique_lock<nano::mutex> & lock)
 {
+	debug_assert (lock.owns_lock ());
 	debug_assert (!mutex.try_lock ());
 
-	// Erase dead connections
-	erase_if (connections, [this] (auto const & connection) {
-		if (connection.socket.expired () && connection.server.expired ())
-		{
-			stats.inc (nano::stat::type::tcp_listener, nano::stat::detail::erase_dead);
-			logger.debug (nano::log::type::tcp_listener, "Evicting dead connection: {}", connection.endpoint);
-			return true;
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			return false;
-		}
-	});
-
 	// Erase completed attempts
 	erase_if (attempts, [this] (auto const & attempt) {
 		return attempt.task.ready ();
 	});
+
+	// Erase dead connections
+	auto erased_connections = erase_if_and_collect (connections, [this] (auto const & connection) {
+		return !connection.socket->alive ();
+	});
+
+	lock.unlock ();
+
+	for (auto const & connection : erased_connections)
+	{
+		stats.inc (nano::stat::type::tcp_listener, nano::stat::detail::erase_dead);
+		logger.debug (nano::log::type::tcp_listener, "Evicting dead connection: {}", connection.endpoint);
+
+		connection.socket->close ();
+		connection.server->stop ();
+	}
 }
 
 void nano::transport::tcp_listener::timeout ()
@@ -215,7 +214,7 @@ void nano::transport::tcp_listener::timeout ()
 	{
 		if (!attempt.task.ready () && attempt.start < cutoff)
 		{
-			attempt.task.cancel ();
+			attempt.task.cancel (); // Cancel is non-blocking and will return immediately, safe to call under lock
 
 			stats.inc (nano::stat::type::tcp_listener, nano::stat::detail::attempt_timeout);
 			logger.debug (nano::log::type::tcp_listener, "Connection attempt timed out: {} (started {}s ago)",
@@ -431,7 +430,7 @@ auto nano::transport::tcp_listener::accept_one (asio::ip::tcp::socket raw_socket
 	return { accept_result::accepted, socket, server };
 }
 
-auto nano::transport::tcp_listener::check_limits (asio::ip::address const & ip, connection_type type) -> accept_result
+auto nano::transport::tcp_listener::check_limits (asio::ip::address const & ip, connection_type type) const -> accept_result
 {
 	debug_assert (!mutex.try_lock ());
 
@@ -440,8 +439,6 @@ auto nano::transport::tcp_listener::check_limits (asio::ip::address const & ip,
 		return accept_result::rejected;
 	}
 
-	cleanup ();
-
 	if (node.network.excluded_peers.check (ip)) // true => error
 	{
 		stats.inc (nano::stat::type::tcp_listener_rejected, nano::stat::detail::excluded, to_stat_dir (type));
@@ -526,11 +523,7 @@ size_t nano::transport::tcp_listener::realtime_count () const
 	nano::lock_guard<nano::mutex> lock{ mutex };
 
 	return std::count_if (connections.begin (), connections.end (), [] (auto const & connection) {
-		if (auto socket = connection.socket.lock ())
-		{
-			return socket->is_realtime_connection ();
-		}
-		return false;
+		return connection.socket->type () == nano::transport::socket_type::realtime;
 	});
 }
 
@@ -539,11 +532,7 @@ size_t nano::transport::tcp_listener::bootstrap_count () const
 	nano::lock_guard<nano::mutex> lock{ mutex };
 
 	return std::count_if (connections.begin (), connections.end (), [] (auto const & connection) {
-		if (auto socket = connection.socket.lock ())
-		{
-			return socket->is_bootstrap_connection ();
-		}
-		return false;
+		return connection.socket->type () == nano::transport::socket_type::bootstrap;
 	});
 }
 
@@ -588,18 +577,14 @@ asio::ip::tcp::endpoint nano::transport::tcp_listener::endpoint () const
 auto nano::transport::tcp_listener::all_sockets () const -> std::deque<std::shared_ptr<tcp_socket>>
 {
 	nano::lock_guard<nano::mutex> lock{ mutex };
-	auto r = connections
-	| std::views::transform ([] (auto const & connection) { return connection.socket.lock (); })
-	| std::views::filter ([] (auto const & socket) { return socket != nullptr; });
+	auto r = connections | std::views::transform ([] (auto const & connection) { return connection.socket; });
 	return { r.begin (), r.end () };
 }
 
 auto nano::transport::tcp_listener::all_servers () const -> std::deque<std::shared_ptr<tcp_server>>
 {
 	nano::lock_guard<nano::mutex> lock{ mutex };
-	auto r = connections
-	| std::views::transform ([] (auto const & connection) { return connection.server.lock (); })
-	| std::views::filter ([] (auto const & server) { return server != nullptr; });
+	auto r = connections | std::views::transform ([] (auto const & connection) { return connection.server; });
 	return { r.begin (), r.end () };
 }
 
diff --git a/nano/node/transport/tcp_listener.hpp b/nano/node/transport/tcp_listener.hpp
index 4a835c45..85854a80 100644
--- a/nano/node/transport/tcp_listener.hpp
+++ b/nano/node/transport/tcp_listener.hpp
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ private:
 	asio::awaitable<void> wait_available_slots () const;
 
 	void run_cleanup ();
-	void cleanup ();
+	void purge (nano::unique_lock<nano::mutex> &);
 	void timeout ();
 
 	asio::awaitable<void> connect_impl (asio::ip::tcp::endpoint);
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ private:
 	};
 
 	accept_return accept_one (asio::ip::tcp::socket, connection_type);
-	accept_result check_limits (asio::ip::address const & ip, connection_type);
+	accept_result check_limits (asio::ip::address const & ip, connection_type) const;
 	asio::awaitable<asio::ip::tcp::socket> accept_socket ();
 
 	size_t count_per_type (connection_type) const;
@@ -119,8 +119,8 @@ private:
 	{
 		connection_type type;
 		asio::ip::tcp::endpoint endpoint;
-		std::weak_ptr<tcp_socket> socket;
-		std::weak_ptr<tcp_server> server;
+		std::shared_ptr<tcp_socket> socket;
+		std::shared_ptr<tcp_server> server;
 
 		asio::ip::address address () const
 		{