diff --git a/nano/node/CMakeLists.txt b/nano/node/CMakeLists.txt
index 36e1024b..0a737a55 100644
--- a/nano/node/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/nano/node/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -60,6 +60,10 @@ add_library(
   election_scheduler.cpp
   gap_cache.hpp
   gap_cache.cpp
+  inactive_cache_information.hpp
+  inactive_cache_information.cpp
+  inactive_cache_status.hpp
+  inactive_cache_status.cpp
   ipc/action_handler.hpp
   ipc/action_handler.cpp
   ipc/flatbuffers_handler.hpp
diff --git a/nano/node/active_transactions.hpp b/nano/node/active_transactions.hpp
index 1411505b..7eb6dcef 100644
--- a/nano/node/active_transactions.hpp
+++ b/nano/node/active_transactions.hpp
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 #include <nano/lib/numbers.hpp>
 #include <nano/node/election.hpp>
+#include <nano/node/inactive_cache_information.hpp>
+#include <nano/node/inactive_cache_status.hpp>
 #include <nano/node/voting.hpp>
 #include <nano/secure/common.hpp>
 
@@ -51,43 +53,6 @@ public:
 	nano::qualified_root root;
 };
 
-class inactive_cache_status final
-{
-public:
-	bool bootstrap_started{ false };
-	bool election_started{ false }; // Did item reach config threshold to start an impromptu election?
-	bool confirmed{ false }; // Did item reach votes quorum? (minimum config value)
-	nano::uint128_t tally{ 0 }; // Last votes tally for block
-
-	bool operator!= (inactive_cache_status const other) const
-	{
-		return bootstrap_started != other.bootstrap_started || election_started != other.election_started || confirmed != other.confirmed || tally != other.tally;
-	}
-};
-
-class inactive_cache_information final
-{
-public:
-	inactive_cache_information () = default;
-	inactive_cache_information (std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point arrival, nano::block_hash hash, nano::account initial_rep_a, uint64_t initial_timestamp_a, nano::inactive_cache_status status) :
-		arrival (arrival),
-		hash (hash),
-		status (status)
-	{
-		voters.reserve (8);
-		voters.emplace_back (initial_rep_a, initial_timestamp_a);
-	}
-
-	std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point arrival;
-	nano::block_hash hash;
-	nano::inactive_cache_status status;
-	std::vector<std::pair<nano::account, uint64_t>> voters;
-	bool needs_eval () const
-	{
-		return !status.bootstrap_started || !status.election_started || !status.confirmed;
-	}
-};
-
 class expired_optimistic_election_info final
 {
 public:
diff --git a/nano/node/inactive_cache_information.cpp b/nano/node/inactive_cache_information.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cf905aaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nano/node/inactive_cache_information.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#include <nano/node/inactive_cache_information.hpp>
+
+using namespace std::chrono;
+
+std::string nano::inactive_cache_information::to_string () const
+{
+	std::stringstream ss;
+	ss << "hash=" << hash.to_string ();
+	ss << ", arrival=" << std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds> (arrival.time_since_epoch ()).count ();
+	ss << ", " << status.to_string ();
+	ss << ", " << voters.size () << " voters";
+	for (auto const & [rep, timestamp] : voters)
+	{
+		ss << " " << rep.to_account () << "/" << timestamp;
+	}
+	return ss.str ();
+}
diff --git a/nano/node/inactive_cache_information.hpp b/nano/node/inactive_cache_information.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..78259901
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nano/node/inactive_cache_information.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <nano/lib/numbers.hpp>
+#include <nano/node/inactive_cache_status.hpp>
+
+#include <chrono>
+
+namespace nano
+{
+class inactive_cache_information final
+{
+public:
+	inactive_cache_information () = default;
+	inactive_cache_information (std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point arrival, nano::block_hash hash, nano::account initial_rep_a, uint64_t initial_timestamp_a, nano::inactive_cache_status status) :
+		arrival (arrival),
+		hash (hash),
+		status (status)
+	{
+		voters.reserve (8);
+		voters.emplace_back (initial_rep_a, initial_timestamp_a);
+	}
+
+	std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point arrival;
+	nano::block_hash hash;
+	nano::inactive_cache_status status;
+	std::vector<std::pair<nano::account, uint64_t>> voters;
+
+	bool needs_eval () const
+	{
+		return !status.bootstrap_started || !status.election_started || !status.confirmed;
+	}
+
+	std::string to_string () const;
+};
+
+}
diff --git a/nano/node/inactive_cache_status.cpp b/nano/node/inactive_cache_status.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2ec4bb63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nano/node/inactive_cache_status.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#include <nano/node/inactive_cache_status.hpp>
+
+bool nano::inactive_cache_status::operator!= (inactive_cache_status const other) const
+{
+	return bootstrap_started != other.bootstrap_started
+	|| election_started != other.election_started
+	|| confirmed != other.confirmed
+	|| tally != other.tally;
+}
+
+std::string nano::inactive_cache_status::to_string () const
+{
+	std::stringstream ss;
+	ss << "bootstrap_started=" << bootstrap_started;
+	ss << ", election_started=" << election_started;
+	ss << ", confirmed=" << confirmed;
+	ss << ", tally=" << nano::uint128_union (tally).to_string ();
+	return ss.str ();
+}
diff --git a/nano/node/inactive_cache_status.hpp b/nano/node/inactive_cache_status.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bbd0ffaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nano/node/inactive_cache_status.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <nano/lib/numbers.hpp>
+
+namespace nano
+{
+class inactive_cache_status final
+{
+public:
+	bool bootstrap_started{ false };
+
+	/** Did item reach config threshold to start an impromptu election? */
+	bool election_started{ false };
+
+	/** Did item reach votes quorum? (minimum config value) */
+	bool confirmed{ false };
+
+	/** Last votes tally for block */
+	nano::uint128_t tally{ 0 };
+
+	bool operator!= (inactive_cache_status const other) const;
+
+	std::string to_string () const;
+};
+
+}