diff --git a/nano/node/bootstrap/bootstrap.cpp b/nano/node/bootstrap/bootstrap.cpp
index 1e1d39c3..f12f9d6b 100644
--- a/nano/node/bootstrap/bootstrap.cpp
+++ b/nano/node/bootstrap/bootstrap.cpp
@@ -884,6 +884,7 @@ void nano::bootstrap_attempt::lazy_pull_flush ()
 				batch_count = std::max (node->network_params.bootstrap.lazy_min_pull_blocks, batch_count_min);
 			}
 		}
+		uint64_t read_count (0);
 		size_t count (0);
 		auto transaction (node->store.tx_begin_read ());
 		while (!lazy_pulls.empty () && count < max_pulls)
@@ -896,6 +897,12 @@ void nano::bootstrap_attempt::lazy_pull_flush ()
 				++count;
 			}
 			lazy_pulls.pop_front ();
+			// We don't want to open read transactions for too long
+			++read_count;
+			if (read_count % batch_read_size == 0)
+			{
+				transaction.refresh ();
+			}
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -907,6 +914,7 @@ bool nano::bootstrap_attempt::lazy_finished ()
 		return true;
 	}
 	bool result (true);
+	uint64_t read_count (0);
 	auto transaction (node->store.tx_begin_read ());
 	nano::lock_guard<std::mutex> lazy_lock (lazy_mutex);
 	for (auto it (lazy_keys.begin ()), end (lazy_keys.end ()); it != end && !stopped;)
@@ -921,6 +929,12 @@ bool nano::bootstrap_attempt::lazy_finished ()
 			break;
 			// No need to increment `it` as we break above.
 		}
+		// We don't want to open read transactions for too long
+		++read_count;
+		if (read_count % batch_read_size == 0)
+		{
+			transaction.refresh ();
+		}
 	}
 	// Finish lazy bootstrap without lazy pulls (in combination with still_pulling ())
 	if (!result && lazy_pulls.empty () && lazy_state_backlog.empty ())
@@ -1201,6 +1215,7 @@ void nano::bootstrap_attempt::lazy_block_state_backlog_check (std::shared_ptr<na
 
 void nano::bootstrap_attempt::lazy_backlog_cleanup ()
 {
+	uint64_t read_count (0);
 	auto transaction (node->store.tx_begin_read ());
 	nano::lock_guard<std::mutex> lazy_lock (lazy_mutex);
 	for (auto it (lazy_state_backlog.begin ()), end (lazy_state_backlog.end ()); it != end && !stopped;)
@@ -1223,6 +1238,12 @@ void nano::bootstrap_attempt::lazy_backlog_cleanup ()
 			lazy_add (it->first, it->second.retry_limit);
 			++it;
 		}
+		// We don't want to open read transactions for too long
+		++read_count;
+		if (read_count % batch_read_size == 0)
+		{
+			transaction.refresh ();
+		}
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/nano/node/bootstrap/bootstrap.hpp b/nano/node/bootstrap/bootstrap.hpp
index 0ab83194..e4377928 100644
--- a/nano/node/bootstrap/bootstrap.hpp
+++ b/nano/node/bootstrap/bootstrap.hpp
@@ -164,6 +164,8 @@ public:
 	std::mutex lazy_mutex;
 	// Wallet lazy bootstrap
 	std::deque<nano::account> wallet_accounts;
+	/** The maximum number of records to be read in while iterating over long lazy containers */
+	static uint64_t constexpr batch_read_size = 256;
 };
 class bootstrap_client final : public std::enable_shared_from_this<bootstrap_client>
 {
diff --git a/nano/node/bootstrap/bootstrap_bulk_pull.cpp b/nano/node/bootstrap/bootstrap_bulk_pull.cpp
index af887bf7..58e60bf0 100644
--- a/nano/node/bootstrap/bootstrap_bulk_pull.cpp
+++ b/nano/node/bootstrap/bootstrap_bulk_pull.cpp
@@ -366,8 +366,7 @@ void nano::bulk_pull_account_client::receive_pending ()
 							{
 								if (!pending.is_zero ())
 								{
-									auto transaction (this_l->connection->node->store.tx_begin_read ());
-									if (!this_l->connection->node->store.block_exists (transaction, pending))
+									if (!this_l->connection->node->ledger.block_exists (pending))
 									{
 										this_l->connection->attempt->lazy_start (pending);
 									}
@@ -552,8 +551,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<nano::block> nano::bulk_pull_server::get_next ()
 
 	if (send_current)
 	{
-		auto transaction (connection->node->store.tx_begin_read ());
-		result = connection->node->store.block_get (transaction, current);
+		result = connection->node->block (current);
 		if (result != nullptr && set_current_to_end == false)
 		{
 			auto previous (result->previous ());
diff --git a/nano/node/bootstrap/bootstrap_bulk_push.cpp b/nano/node/bootstrap/bootstrap_bulk_push.cpp
index 95eb49b6..a739eae0 100644
--- a/nano/node/bootstrap/bootstrap_bulk_push.cpp
+++ b/nano/node/bootstrap/bootstrap_bulk_push.cpp
@@ -20,10 +20,9 @@ void nano::bulk_push_client::start ()
 	auto this_l (shared_from_this ());
 	connection->channel->send (
 	message, [this_l](boost::system::error_code const & ec, size_t size_a) {
-		auto transaction (this_l->connection->node->store.tx_begin_read ());
 		if (!ec)
 		{
-			this_l->push (transaction);
+			this_l->push ();
 		}
 		else
 		{
@@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ void nano::bulk_push_client::start ()
 	false); // is bootstrap traffic is_droppable false
 }
 
-void nano::bulk_push_client::push (nano::transaction const & transaction_a)
+void nano::bulk_push_client::push ()
 {
 	std::shared_ptr<nano::block> block;
 	bool finished (false);
@@ -57,7 +56,7 @@ void nano::bulk_push_client::push (nano::transaction const & transaction_a)
 		}
 		if (!finished)
 		{
-			block = connection->node->store.block_get (transaction_a, current_target.first);
+			block = connection->node->block (current_target.first);
 			if (block == nullptr)
 			{
 				current_target.first = nano::block_hash (0);
@@ -108,8 +107,7 @@ void nano::bulk_push_client::push_block (nano::block const & block_a)
 	connection->channel->send_buffer (nano::shared_const_buffer (std::move (buffer)), nano::stat::detail::all, [this_l](boost::system::error_code const & ec, size_t size_a) {
 		if (!ec)
 		{
-			auto transaction (this_l->connection->node->store.tx_begin_read ());
-			this_l->push (transaction);
+			this_l->push ();
 		}
 		else
 		{
diff --git a/nano/node/bootstrap/bootstrap_bulk_push.hpp b/nano/node/bootstrap/bootstrap_bulk_push.hpp
index 114a0235..b84eaac6 100644
--- a/nano/node/bootstrap/bootstrap_bulk_push.hpp
+++ b/nano/node/bootstrap/bootstrap_bulk_push.hpp
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 
 namespace nano
 {
-class transaction;
 class bootstrap_client;
 class bulk_push_client final : public std::enable_shared_from_this<nano::bulk_push_client>
 {
@@ -14,7 +13,7 @@ public:
 	explicit bulk_push_client (std::shared_ptr<nano::bootstrap_client> const &);
 	~bulk_push_client ();
 	void start ();
-	void push (nano::transaction const &);
+	void push ();
 	void push_block (nano::block const &);
 	void send_finished ();
 	std::shared_ptr<nano::bootstrap_client> connection;
diff --git a/nano/node/bootstrap/bootstrap_frontier.cpp b/nano/node/bootstrap/bootstrap_frontier.cpp
index ad51fed1..70918e87 100644
--- a/nano/node/bootstrap/bootstrap_frontier.cpp
+++ b/nano/node/bootstrap/bootstrap_frontier.cpp
@@ -42,8 +42,7 @@ current (0),
 count (0),
 bulk_push_cost (0)
 {
-	auto transaction (connection->node->store.tx_begin_read ());
-	next (transaction);
+	next ();
 }
 
 nano::frontier_req_client::~frontier_req_client ()
@@ -123,14 +122,13 @@ void nano::frontier_req_client::received_frontier (boost::system::error_code con
 		{
 			connection->node->logger.always_log (boost::str (boost::format ("Received %1% frontiers from %2%") % std::to_string (count) % connection->channel->to_string ()));
 		}
-		auto transaction (connection->node->store.tx_begin_read ());
 		if (!account.is_zero ())
 		{
 			while (!current.is_zero () && current < account)
 			{
 				// We know about an account they don't.
 				unsynced (frontier, 0);
-				next (transaction);
+				next ();
 			}
 			if (!current.is_zero ())
 			{
@@ -142,7 +140,7 @@ void nano::frontier_req_client::received_frontier (boost::system::error_code con
 					}
 					else
 					{
-						if (connection->node->store.block_exists (transaction, latest))
+						if (connection->node->ledger.block_exists (latest))
 						{
 							// We know about a block they don't.
 							unsynced (frontier, latest);
@@ -155,7 +153,7 @@ void nano::frontier_req_client::received_frontier (boost::system::error_code con
 							bulk_push_cost += 5;
 						}
 					}
-					next (transaction);
+					next ();
 				}
 				else
 				{
@@ -175,7 +173,7 @@ void nano::frontier_req_client::received_frontier (boost::system::error_code con
 			{
 				// We know about an account they don't.
 				unsynced (frontier, 0);
-				next (transaction);
+				next ();
 			}
 			if (connection->node->config.logging.bulk_pull_logging ())
 			{
@@ -202,13 +200,14 @@ void nano::frontier_req_client::received_frontier (boost::system::error_code con
 	}
 }
 
-void nano::frontier_req_client::next (nano::transaction const & transaction_a)
+void nano::frontier_req_client::next ()
 {
 	// Filling accounts deque to prevent often read transactions
 	if (accounts.empty ())
 	{
 		size_t max_size (128);
-		for (auto i (connection->node->store.latest_begin (transaction_a, current.number () + 1)), n (connection->node->store.latest_end ()); i != n && accounts.size () != max_size; ++i)
+		auto transaction (connection->node->store.tx_begin_read ());
+		for (auto i (connection->node->store.latest_begin (transaction, current.number () + 1)), n (connection->node->store.latest_end ()); i != n && accounts.size () != max_size; ++i)
 		{
 			nano::account_info const & info (i->second);
 			nano::account const & account (i->first);
diff --git a/nano/node/bootstrap/bootstrap_frontier.hpp b/nano/node/bootstrap/bootstrap_frontier.hpp
index b6b788d0..ad3c4962 100644
--- a/nano/node/bootstrap/bootstrap_frontier.hpp
+++ b/nano/node/bootstrap/bootstrap_frontier.hpp
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 
 namespace nano
 {
-class transaction;
 class bootstrap_client;
 class frontier_req_client final : public std::enable_shared_from_this<nano::frontier_req_client>
 {
@@ -18,7 +17,7 @@ public:
 	void receive_frontier ();
 	void received_frontier (boost::system::error_code const &, size_t);
 	void unsynced (nano::block_hash const &, nano::block_hash const &);
-	void next (nano::transaction const &);
+	void next ();
 	std::shared_ptr<nano::bootstrap_client> connection;
 	nano::account current;
 	nano::block_hash frontier;