diff --git a/rai/node/common.cpp b/rai/node/common.cpp
index ec7fb0bd..17d8885c 100644
--- a/rai/node/common.cpp
+++ b/rai/node/common.cpp
@@ -367,9 +367,9 @@ vote (error_a, stream_a, block_type ())
 {
 }
 
-rai::confirm_ack::confirm_ack (rai::vote & vote_a) :
+rai::confirm_ack::confirm_ack (rai::vote const & vote_a) :
 message (rai::message_type::confirm_ack),
-vote (std::move (vote_a))
+vote (vote_a)
 {
     block_type_set (vote.block->type ());
 }
diff --git a/rai/node/common.hpp b/rai/node/common.hpp
index 350bc01f..403d3c93 100644
--- a/rai/node/common.hpp
+++ b/rai/node/common.hpp
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ class confirm_ack : public message
 {
 public:
 	confirm_ack (bool &, rai::stream &);
-    confirm_ack (rai::vote &);
+    confirm_ack (rai::vote const &);
     bool deserialize (rai::stream &) override;
     void serialize (rai::stream &) override;
     void visit (rai::message_visitor &) const override;
diff --git a/rai/node/node.cpp b/rai/node/node.cpp
index 2a38ba9d..e8fa5849 100755
--- a/rai/node/node.cpp
+++ b/rai/node/node.cpp
@@ -159,21 +159,6 @@ void rai::network::rebroadcast_reps (rai::block & block_a)
 	}
 }
 
-template <typename T>
-void confirm_broadcast (rai::node & node_a, T & list_a, rai::vote & vote_a)
-{
-	rai::confirm_ack confirm (vote_a);
-	std::shared_ptr <std::vector <uint8_t>> bytes (new std::vector <uint8_t>);
-	{
-		rai::vectorstream stream (*bytes);
-		confirm.serialize (stream);
-	}
-	for (auto j (list_a.begin ()), m (list_a.end ()); j != m; ++j)
-	{
-		node_a.network.confirm_send (confirm, bytes, *j);
-	}
-}
-
 template <typename T>
 bool confirm_block (rai::node & node_a, T & list_a, std::unique_ptr <rai::block> block_a)
 {
@@ -186,7 +171,16 @@ bool confirm_block (rai::node & node_a, T & list_a, std::unique_ptr <rai::block>
 			result = true;
 			auto sequence (node_a.store.sequence_atomic_inc (transaction, pub_a));
 			rai::vote vote (pub_a, prv_a, sequence, block_a->clone ());
-			confirm_broadcast (node_a, list_a, vote);
+			rai::confirm_ack confirm (vote);
+			std::shared_ptr <std::vector <uint8_t>> bytes (new std::vector <uint8_t>);
+			{
+				rai::vectorstream stream (*bytes);
+				confirm.serialize (stream);
+			}
+			for (auto j (list_a.begin ()), m (list_a.end ()); j != m; ++j)
+			{
+				node_a.network.confirm_send (confirm, bytes, *j);
+			}
 		});
 	}
     return result;
@@ -235,6 +229,31 @@ void rai::network::republish_block (rai::block & block)
 	}
 }
 
+// In order to rate limit network traffic we republish:
+// 1) Only if they are a non-replay vote of a block that's actively settling. Settling blocks are limited by block PoW
+// 2) Only if a vote for this block hasn't been received in the previous X second.  This prevents rapid publishing of votes with increasing sequence numbers.
+// 3) The rep has a weight > Y to prevent creating a lot of small-weight accounts to send out votes
+void rai::network::republish (std::chrono::system_clock::time_point const & last_vote, rai::vote const & vote_a)
+{
+	if (last_vote < std::chrono::system_clock::now () - std::chrono::seconds (1))
+	{
+		if (node.weight (vote_a.account) > rai::Mrai_ratio * 256)
+		{
+			rai::confirm_ack confirm (vote_a);
+			std::shared_ptr <std::vector <uint8_t>> bytes (new std::vector <uint8_t>);
+			{
+				rai::vectorstream stream (*bytes);
+				confirm.serialize (stream);
+			}
+			auto list (node.peers.list_sqrt ());
+			for (auto j (list.begin ()), m (list.end ()); j != m; ++j)
+			{
+				node.network.confirm_send (confirm, bytes, *j);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 void rai::network::broadcast_confirm_req (rai::block const & block_a)
 {
 	auto list (node.peers.list ());
@@ -2513,6 +2532,8 @@ void rai::election::confirm_cutoff (MDB_txn * transaction_a)
 
 void rai::election::vote (rai::vote const & vote_a)
 {
+	node.network.republish (last_vote, vote_a);
+	last_vote = std::chrono::system_clock::now ();
 	rai::transaction transaction (node.store.environment, nullptr, true);
 	assert (vote_a.validate (transaction, node.store) != rai::vote_result::invalid);
 	votes.vote (vote_a);
diff --git a/rai/node/node.hpp b/rai/node/node.hpp
index ba0646ef..81d93a75 100644
--- a/rai/node/node.hpp
+++ b/rai/node/node.hpp
@@ -268,6 +268,7 @@ public:
     void receive_action (boost::system::error_code const &, size_t);
     void rpc_action (boost::system::error_code const &, size_t);
 	void rebroadcast_reps (rai::block &);
+	void republish (std::chrono::system_clock::time_point const &, rai::vote const &);
     void republish_block (rai::block &);
 	void republish (rai::block_hash const &, std::shared_ptr <std::vector <uint8_t>>, rai::endpoint);
     void publish_broadcast (std::vector <rai::peer_information> &, std::unique_ptr <rai::block>);
diff --git a/rai/secure.cpp b/rai/secure.cpp
index 8a8613b5..db4db56b 100644
--- a/rai/secure.cpp
+++ b/rai/secure.cpp
@@ -3191,6 +3191,14 @@ transaction (transaction_a)
 {
 }
 
+rai::vote::vote (rai::vote const & other_a) :
+sequence (other_a.sequence),
+block (other_a.block->clone ()),
+account (other_a.account),
+signature (other_a.signature)
+{
+}
+
 rai::vote::vote (bool & error_a, rai::stream & stream_a, rai::block_type type_a)
 {
 	if (!error_a)
diff --git a/rai/secure.hpp b/rai/secure.hpp
index a04e2966..5ecf163b 100644
--- a/rai/secure.hpp
+++ b/rai/secure.hpp
@@ -453,6 +453,7 @@ class vote
 {
 public:
 	vote () = default;
+	vote (rai::vote const &);
 	vote (bool &, rai::stream &, rai::block_type);
 	vote (rai::account const &, rai::raw_key const &, uint64_t, std::unique_ptr <rai::block>);
 	rai::uint256_union hash () const;